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[(adding)-288.7(animation)-285.6(did)]TJ
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[(not)-386(enhance)-388.1(the)-389.5(attractiveness)-389.9(of)-382.6(a)-385.2(computer)-389.1(task;)-381.7(children)]TJ
T*
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[(game)-222.7(features.)-221.5(They)-225.7(reported)-223.8(that)-218.8(they)-223.1(were)-217.1(distracted)-226.2(by)-217.5(the)]TJ
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[(animations.)-422.6(Perhaps)-418.5(they)-412.8(experienced)-417.7(problems)-416.2(in)-417.9(remem-)]TJ
T*
[(bering)-357.8(the)-357.8(main)-351.8(aim)-354.7(of)-357.3(the)-351.5(task)-359.8(in)-354.7(the)-351.5(presence)-359.8(of)-357.3(more)-355(in-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(teresting)-665.3(stimuli.)-659.2(Or)-655(perhaps)-665.1(processing)-662.9(resources)-658.5(were)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(allocated)-340.3(to)-332(more)-336(interesting)-343.5(surface)-337.6(features)-338.7(or)-332.3(distractions)]TJ
T*
[(and)-303.1(not)-303.8(to)-300.4(task)-302.9(content.)]TJ
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(11)Tj
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[(In)-448.1(summary,)-441.6(these)-447.6(ndings)-445.7(suggest)-449.5(that)-446.4(to)-445.8(increase)-443.8(the)]TJ
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[(chances)-480.3(of)-471.1(a)-473.7(child)-474.3(with)-476.9(ADHD)-472.1(maintaining)-477.5(concentration)]TJ
T*
[(and)-619.2(attention)-614.6(and)-619.2(withholding)-614.8(impulsive)-619.8(behaviors)-617(and)]TJ
T*
[(inappropriate)-479.7(behaviors,)-474.4(the)-478(child)-474.3(needs)-475.4(to)-471.1(be)-472.2(specically)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(motivated)-330.4(and)-322(stimulated.)-323.4(This)-327.4(is)-321(where)-328(the)-319.9(use)-325(of)-325.7(comput-)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(erization)-304.2(and)-303.1(gaming)-303.7(seems)-297.2(to)-306.7(be)-295.2(critical.)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 477.8077 477.6943 Tm
(11)Tj
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(20)Tj
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[(F)14.6(i)0(f)15(t)12.2(y-)20.4(th)15.1(re)18.4(e)]TJ
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[(pu)16.3(te)18.6(ri)21.1(ze)19.6(d)-300.2(t)0(r)17.8(e)0(a)19.6(t)0(m)14.6(e)12.7(nt)-294.7(or)-288(a)-303(c)13.4(om)18.6(pa)18.1(ri)21.1(so)14.9(n)-300.6(p)0(r)23.2(o)0(g)18.1(r)0(a)18.8(m)0(.)-291.3(T)0(h)18.9(e)-297.1(tr)17.8(ea)19.6(tm)20.9(en)15.7(t)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(co)16.9(ns)20.6(is)14.1(t)12.2(e)0(d)-597.3(o)0(f)-603.9(p)0(e)17.7(r)0(f)17.8(o)0(r)21.8(m)0(i)17.9(n)0(g)-595.8(W)0(M)-598.5(t)0(a)19(s)0(k)19.6(s)-608.3(im)17.9(pl)20.4(em)15.2(e)12.8(n)0(t)15.1(e)12.8(d)-610(u)0(s)22.6(i)0(n)18.4(g)-611.4(a)]TJ
T*
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(4)Tj
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T*
[(or)-237.4(di)18.8(g)14.5(i)0(t)15(s)0(\))23.5(.)-243.2(Th)18.9(e)-240.2(c)0(h)16.3(i)0(l)18.2(d)0(r)21.6(e)0(n)-230.9(w)0(e)17.4(r)0(e)-234.5(t)12.2(ra)18.8(in)18.4(e)12.8(d)-243.3(fo)15.7(r)-241(5)-239.8(we)17.4(e)12.8(k)0(s)19.6(,)-243.2(wi)20.1(th)-231.5(90)-233(t)12.2(r)0(i)14.7(a)13.1(ls)]TJ
T*
[(on)-252.8(e)12.7(a)0(c)13.9(h)-256.3(t)12.2(r)0(a)18.8(i)0(n)18.4(i)0(n)18.4(g)-257.3(da)16.5(y)14.6(.)-262.2(Th)18.9(e)-252.8(l)0(e)15.5(v)0(e)18.3(l)-256.4(of)-249.8(di)18.8(f)12.2()0(c)16.7(u)0(l)20.4(t)12.2(y)-263.7(w)0(a)24.2(s)-260.6(a)13.1(u)0(t)17.1(o)0(m)18.6(a)13.1(ti)15(c)13.4(a)0(l)15.9(l)0(y)]TJ
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[(ad)16.5(ju)19(st)17.2(e)12.7(d)-281.2(on)-265.4(a)-284(t)12.2(ri)21.1(al)15.9(-)12.2(b)0(y)16.5(-)12.2(tr)17.8(ia)22.3(l)-281.7(b)14.5(as)18.1(is)-270.4(to)-268.8(ma)21.9(tc)12.9(h)-275.3(t)0(h)15.1(e)-278.1(W)13.6(M)-283.3(sp)22.6(an)-268.5(of)-268.8(th)15.1(e)]TJ
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[(ch)16.3(il)18.2(d)-236.9(o)0(n)-227.5(e)0(a)19.6(c)0(h)-230.3(t)0(a)19(s)0(k)19.6(.)-243.2(Af)23.4(te)18.6(r)-241(t)12.2(ra)18.8(in)18.4(in)18.4(g,)-228.6(t)12.2(h)0(e)-230.9(c)0(h)16.3(i)0(l)18.2(d)0(r)21.6(e)0(n)-230.9(i)0(n)-228.2(t)12.2(he)-230.9(tr)17.8(ea)19.6(tm)20.9(en)15.7(t)]TJ
T*
[(co)16.9(nd)18.9(it)21.3(io)19(n)-540.8(n)0(o)19.1(t)-537.9(on)19.1(ly)-526.4(pe)17.7(rf)17.8(or)21.8(me)21.5(d)-540.5(b)14.6(et)18.6(te)18.6(r)-538.1(o)0(n)-531(a)-537(t)12.2(a)0(s)18.1(k)-535.5(me)21.5(as)18.1(ur)16.9(in)18.4(g)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(vi)14.7(su)22.6(os)14.9(pa)18.1(t)12.2(i)0(a)22.2(l)-205.9(WM)-200.1(\()12.2(s)0(p)16.3(a)13.1(n-)15.1(b)14.5(o)0(a)16.7(r)0(d)-193.4(t)0(a)19(s)0(k)19.6(\))0(,)-199.4(b)14.6(ut)-197.8(al)15.9(so)-193.8(on)-195.8(ta)19(sk)19.6(s)-210(a)13.1(ss)16.3(e)12.7(s)0(s)16.3(i)0(n)18.4(g)]TJ
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[(ve)18.3(rb)20.2(al)-224.4(W)13.6(M)-232.7(\()12.2(d)0(i)18.8(g)0(i)17.3(t)12.2(-s)17.2(pa)18.1(n)-231(t)12.2(as)18.1(k\))20.4(,)-230.5(r)0(e)18.4(s)0(p)16.3(o)0(n)19.1(s)0(e)-222.5(i)0(n)18.4(h)0(i)24.7(b)0(i)17.3(t)0(i)21.3(o)0(n)-227.5(\()12.2(St)20(ro)15.5(op)-219.1(t)12.2(a)0(s)18.1(k)0(\))20.4(,)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.2266 TD
[(re)18.4(du)14.6(c)13.4(t)0(i)15(o)0(n)-202.2(i)0(n)-209.3(t)0(h)15.1(e)-214.9(nu)20.5(mb)17(e)12.7(r)-215.7(of)-211.9(pa)24.4(re)18.4(nt)15.1(-)12.2(r)0(a)18.8(t)0(e)18.6(d)-218(AD)22.5(HD)-210(be)21(ha)16.1(vi)21(or)21.8(s)-216.3(w)0(a)17.8(s)]TJ
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T*
[(in)18.4(cl)16.2(ud)20.9(in)18.4(g)-200.4(s)0(o)21.2(m)0(e)-193.5(a)13.1(ni)18.4(ma)15.6(t)12.2(i)0(o)19(n)-199.4(an)16.1(d)-199(f)0(e)18.6(e)0(d)16.1(b)14.5(ac)20.2(k,)-190.7(bu)19.5(t)-202.8(w)0(i)20.1(t)0(h)15.1(o)0(u)21.2(t)-202.8(e)12.7(l)0(a)15.9(b)14.5(or)15.5(a)13.1(t)0(e)]TJ
T*
[(ga)15(m)15.1(i)0(n)18.4(g)-529.2(e)12.7(l)0(e)15.5(m)0(e)21.5(n)0(t)15.1(s)0(.)-516.4(B)0(a)22.8(s)0(e)17.8(d)-527.8(on)-518.3(pr)23.2(ev)18.3(io)19(us)-521.1(re)18.4(se)17.8(a)13.1(r)0(c)19(h)-528.2(a)13.1(n)0(d)-518.5(c)0(l)16.2(i)0(n)18.4(i)15.4(ca)13.9(l)]TJ
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0 -1.2203 TD
[(to)-281.4(co)16.9(mp)20(ut)17.1(er)18.4(iz)22.2(ed)-281.1(WM)-282.3(t)12.2(r)0(a)18.8(i)0(n)18.4(i)0(n)18.4(g)-288.9(wo)20.9(ul)14.1(d)-287.5(e)0(n)15.7(h)0(a)22.4(n)0(c)16.3(e)-290.8(it)21.3(s)-292.2(e)12.8(ff)18(ec)19.8(ts)17.2(.)]TJ
1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(The)-474.2(present)-474.9(study)-472.1(examined)-476.8(the)-471.6(value)-472.9(of)-471.1(adding)-472.1(game)]TJ
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[(elements)-518.1(to)-515.4(standard)-516.7(computerized)-515.2(WM)-516.3(training)-512.1(without)]TJ
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[(game)-551.5(elements)-549.7(on)-549.9(motivation,)-555.1(training)-550.1(performance,)-552.2(and)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.2266 TD
[(condition)-401.5(would)-398(spend)-394.7(more)-399.3(time)-393.5(in)-398.9(training)-398.3(\(motivation\),)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(reproduce)-331.4(more)-323.4(training)-322.4(sequences,)-329.8(make)-323.9(fewer)-318.7(errors)-328.6(\(per-)]TJ
T*
[(formance\),)-335.8(and)-334.7(show)-331.6(greater)-334.4(effects)-330.6(on)-334.9(a)-328.3(W)0(M)-332.9(task)-328.2(\(training)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(efcacy\))-341.5(compared)-332.9(with)-337.8(children)-339.2(in)-335.7(the)-332.5(standard)-339.7(computer-)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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[(Controls)-204.8(were)-204.5(matched)-205.5(to)-199.2(participants)-210.4(with)-205(ADHD)-200.2(for)-206.3(age,)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(gender,)-393.6(IQ,)-387.5(comorbid)-393.4(behavior)-394.3(disorders,)-392.2(dyslexia,)-387(and)-391.6(ex-)]TJ
T*
[(perience)-652.9(with)-647.6(computer)-654.7(gaming.)-641.7(Participants)-653(were)-653.4(then)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(randomly)-210.9(assigned)-206.1(to)-205.6(either)-210.2(standard)-206.9(WM)-206.5(training)-208.6(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
22.5601 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
.7145 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.9421 0 TD
[(25\))-201.8(or)]TJ
-24.2167 -1.2203 TD
[(a)-435.8(game)-431.4(version)-436(of)-433.2(the)-433.7(training)-436.3(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
14.7387 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
.7208 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.9358 0 TD
[(27\).)-432.4(One)-436.3(child)-430(\(control)]TJ
-16.3953 -1.2203 TD
[(condition\))-218.6(dropped)-208.1(out)-213.3(before)-210.5(training,)-211.5(leaving)-211(a)-208.2(nal)-211.8(sample)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(of)-338.4(51)-334.1(children.)-335.8(Demographic)-336.3(information)-340.6(and)-334.7(baseline)-338(char-)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(acteristics)-306.5(are)-303.6(shown)-303.3(in)-297.8(Table)-301.2(1.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0 -2.4406 TD
[(Screening)-334.8(and)-335.7(selection)-336.7(measures)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(Intake)-658.4(questionnaire.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
10.6225 0 TD
[(A)-621(questionnaire)-631.2(was)-622.1(developed)]TJ
-11.7353 -1.2266 TD
[(especially)-414.6(for)-414.9(this)-407(study)-415.2(to)-407.9(assess)-415.7(demographic)-413.8(and)-404.2(school)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(information,)-482.6(and)-480.1(the)-484.3(childs)-477.5(treatment)-482.9(history,)-481.1(medication)]TJ
T*
[(use,)-302.7(and)-303.1(experience)-307.2(with)-299.9(computers.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -2.447 TD
-.0151 Tc
[(Di)-15.1(s)13.7(r)-15.1(u)10(p)-.5(tive)-234.5(Behavior)-238.5(D)1.1(isorders)-242.2(R)1.1(ating)-234.5(S)-.4(cale)-240.8(\(DBD)-15.1(R)10.9(S)-.4(\).)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
23.9132 0 TD
0 Tc
(The)Tj
-25.0261 -1.2203 TD
(DBDRS)Tj
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 89.6315 417.4298 Tm
(22)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 102.5007 413.4613 Tm
[(assesses)-682.4(DSM-IV)-680.6(disruptive)-686.1(behavior)-685.2(disorder)]TJ
-4.7675 -1.2266 TD
[(symptoms)-329.2(in)-329.4(children)-326.5(between)-332.1(6)-322(and)-328.4(12)-327.8(years.)-324.9(It)-325.1(consists)-329.5(of)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(42)-334.1(items)-331.6(and)-328.4(four)-334.1(subscales:)-331(inattention)-337(\(nine)-333.1(items\),)-335(hyper-)]TJ
T*
[(activity/impulsivity)-320.9(\(nine)-307.8(items\),)-316(oppositional)-310.8(deant)-312.8(\(eight)]TJ
28.0042 38.5002 TD
[(items\),)-322.3(and)-315.7(conduct)-325.7(disorder)-318.4(\(16)-322(items\).)-322.3(Items)-317.5(are)-322.6(scored)-323.1(by)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(parents)-322.8(and)-322(teachers)-326.9(on)-328.6(a)-322(4-point)-321.3(Likert)-328.2(scale,)-322.6(ranging)-322.9(from)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
(0)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
.6639 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
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[()80.3(not)-362.6(at)-360.4(all)86.4()-362.3(t)0(o)-357.3(3)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
7.2081 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.9358 0 TD
[()86.6(very)-361.7(much)78.7(.)-358.9(The)-360.4(maximum)-359.7(score)-358(on)]TJ
-9.7436 -1.2203 TD
[(the)-383.1(ADHD)-383.5(subscales)-385(is)-384.2(27.)-381.3(Higher)-391.3(scores)-384.7(indicate)-385.7(more)-380.3(se-)]TJ
T*
[(vere)-526(symptoms.)-521.9(The)-524.8(Dutch)-530.7(translation)-524.4(has)-522.7(adequate)-526.5(reli-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(ability)-430.4(\()]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
3.5219 0 TD
(a)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
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(range)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
2.6493 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.9358 0 TD
[(0.880.94\);)-429.4(validity)-436.1(and)-429.5(Dutch)-435.9(norms)-429.4(are)]TJ
-8.0364 -1.2203 TD
(available.)Tj
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 348.2645 663.9872 Tm
(23)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 320.8251 638.0786 Tm
[(Wechsler)-619.8(Intelligence)-618.4(Scale)-622.9(for)-617.1(Children)-623.6(III)-617.6(\(WISC-III\))]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(short)-330.1(version.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
7.0311 0 TD
[(The)-297.1(WISC-III)-297.5(short)-299.5(version,)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 482.6833 631.1053 Tm
(24,25)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 500.4849 627.1368 Tm
[(designed)-303(for)]TJ
-21.1501 -1.2203 TD
[(children)-326.5(between)-325.7(the)-326.2(ages)-321.3(of)-325.7(6)-322(and)-328.4(16)-321.5(years,)-324.9(consists)-329.5(of)-325.7(ve)]TJ
T*
[(subtests:)-772.2(information,)-767.1(vocabulary,)-771.6(incomplete)-770.5(drawings,)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(block)-204.1(design,)-208.2(and)-201.9(substitution.)-210.7(Scores)-204.8(of)-205.6(children)-206.4(with)-205(ADHD)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(on)-271.7(this)-280.6(short)-274.2(version)-277.9(correlate)-278.6(highly)-275.6(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
16.7431 0 TD
(r)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
.5501 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.9358 0 TD
[(0.94\))-273.8(with)-280.9(scores)-277.2(of)]TJ
-18.229 -1.2203 TD
[(children)-389.8(with)-394.7(ADHD)-389.9(on)-391.9(the)-395.8(complete)-390.5(version.)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 499.4077 576.34 Tm
(26)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 509.6691 572.3715 Tm
[(To)-385.2(reduce)]TJ
-22.1744 -1.2266 TD
[(testing)-336(time,)-339.5(the)-338.9(full-scale)-341.7(IQ)-334(was)-337.6(estimated)-340.8(with)-337.8(three)-339.5(sub-)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(tests:)-303.6(vocabulary,)-303.7(block)-299(design,)-303(and)-296.8(substitution.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0 -3.054 TD
[(Outcome)-330.8(measures)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(Corsi)-303(Block-Tapping)-303.4(Test.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
12.5194 0 TD
[(The)-271.9(Corsi)-267.7(Block-Tapping)-276.6(Test)]TJ
-13.6322 -1.2203 TD
(\(CBTT\))Tj
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 339.2503 499.6345 Tm
(27)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 351.1558 495.666 Tm
[(assesses)-581.3(the)-579.1(capacity)-582.8(of)-578.6(visuospatial)-588(short-term)]TJ
-4.4956 -1.2266 TD
[(memory)-198.9(and)-201.9(WM.)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 382.2235 488.6361 Tm
(28)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 390.7841 484.6676 Tm
[(In)-201.5(the)-206.1(present)-203(study,)-203.2(the)-206.1(same)-200.6(test)-204.5(format)]TJ
-8.9153 -1.2203 TD
[(\(size)-207.1(of)-211.9(board)-212.7(and)-208.2(blocks,)-208.3(distances)-214(between)-211.9(blocks\))-212.2(was)-211.1(used)]TJ
T*
[(as)-418.1(in)-417.9(Kessels)-421.1(et)-417.7(al.,)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 388.7999 466.7527 Tm
(28)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 399.2881 462.7841 Tm
[(and)-416.9(the)-421.1(same)-415.6(scoring)-420.1(procedure)-426.3(was)]TJ
-9.8637 -1.2266 TD
[(used)-473.5(as)-475(in)-474.8(Geurts)-483(et)-474.6(al.)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 409.4361 455.8109 Tm
(29)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 420.4345 451.7857 Tm
[(The)-474.2(task)-479.9(consists)-475(of)-477.5(nine)-478.1(cubes)]TJ
-12.2222 -1.2203 TD
[(\(blocks)-465.1(of)-458.5(30)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
5.8866 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
(30)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
.999 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
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[(30)-169.7(mm\))-463.5(that)-459.1(are)-461.7(positioned)-471(on)-461.4(a)-461.1(square)]TJ
-8.4284 -1.2203 TD
[(board)-528.9(\(225)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
4.9319 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
[(225)-169.3(mm\).)-529.6(The)-531.1(blocks,)-530.8(numbered)-535(one)-530.9(through)]TJ
-5.7033 -1.2266 TD
[(nine,)-253.4(are)-259.4(visible)-257.2(for)-256.9(the)-256.7(test)-255.1(leader)-259.5(only.)-257.3(The)-252.9(test)-261.4(leader)-253.1(taps)-255.6(a)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(sequence)-319.3(of)-313.1(blocks,)-322.2(starting)-317.3(with)-318.8(a)-315.7(sequence)-319.3(of)-313.1(three)-320.5(blocks,)]TJ
T*
[(which)-333.7(the)-332.5(child)-335.2(must)-329.5(repeat)-336.9(three)-333.1(times)-337.9(in)-329.4(the)-338.9(correct)-331.9(order)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(\(e.g.,)-203.2(1-2-3)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
4.6094 0 TD
(>)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.9358 0 TD
[(1-2-3\).)-205.2(If)-204.9(the)-206.1(child)-202.4(reproduces)-212.6(at)-202.3(least)-207.1(one)-208.4(of)-199.3(three)]TJ
-5.5452 -1.2203 TD
[(sequences)-326.9(of)-325.7(a)-322(particular)-319.8(number)-329.8(of)-319.4(blocks)-325.6(correctly,)-323.8(the)-326.2(se-)]TJ
T*
[(quence)-400.3(is)-396.9(extended)-397.4(with)-401(one)-398.1(block)-393.8(to)-401.6(a)-391.5(maximum)-397.6(of)-401.6(eight)]TJ
T*
[(blocks.)-543.5(After)-553(three)-548.1(successive)-551.7(errors)-549.9(within)-547.1(the)-547.5(same)-548.4(se-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(quence)-242.2(length,)-245.6(the)-237.7(test)-242.4(is)-245.1(stopped.)-240.7(The)-246.6(last)-238.8(sequence)-243.4(length)-242.7(in)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(which)-365.3(the)-364.2(child)-366.8(has)-358.3(reproduced)-372.4(at)-360.4(least)-365.1(two)-365.3(sequences)-364.8(cor-)]TJ
T*
[(rectly)-488.8(is)-485.4(considered)-491(his/her)-495.8(memory)-483.5(span.)-489(The)-493.2(minimum)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(score)-206.3(on)-202.2(the)-206.1(CBTT)-198.9(is)-207.2(two)-200.9(and)-208.2(the)-199.8(maximum)-207.9(score)-206.3(is)-200.9(eight.)-204.3(The)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(CBTT)-458.1(takes)-460.9(approximately)-465.7(10)-460.6(minutes,)-465.7(and)-461.2(was)-457.7(the)-465.3(main)]TJ
T*
[(outcome)-301.3(measure)-303.7(in)-297.8(our)-302(study)-301.4(\(see)-305.1(below\).)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -2.447 TD
[(Motivation)-392.9(level.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.2577 0 TD
[(This)-365.3(was)-362.9(assessed)-368(in)-367.3(both)-365.1(an)-363.3(objective)]TJ
-9.3706 -1.2203 TD
[(and)-347.3(subjective)-351(manner:)-342.5(objectively)-352.7(by)-343.9(assessing)-351.1(the)-351.5(amount)]TJ
T*
[(of)-275.1(time)-273.3(the)-269.3(child)-278.3(used)-271.1(the)-275.6(training)-278.2(\(see)-273.5(absence)-273.3(time\))-273.8(and)-277.8(the)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(number)-437.3(of)-433.2(sequences)-440.7(performed)-442.6(during)-433.7(training,)-439.2(and)-435.9(sub-)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(jectively)-415.1(by)-413.5(asking)-421.2(children)-415.1(questions)-416.8(about)-419.5(the)-414.7(computer-)]TJ
T*
[(ized)-296.8(WM)-301.3(task)-302.9(and)-303.1(the)-300.9(WM)-301.3(game)-298.6(\(see)-305.1(exit)-296.9(questionnaire\).)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -2.447 TD
[(Absence)-520.4(time.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
7.5559 0 TD
[(The)-493.1(average)-485.2(time)-488.3(\(in)-494.3(seconds\))-492(that)-490.7(the)]TJ
-8.6687 -1.2203 TD
[(children)-509.9(spent)-512.3(not)-512.5(using)-513.5(the)-509.6(training)-518.4(was)-508.3(recorded)-515.1(auto-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(matically)-327.5(by)-325(the)-332.6(computer.)-328.8(If)-331.4(the)-332.5(child)-328.9(did)-325.7(not)-329.1(interact)-329.7(with)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(the)-338.9(mouse)-344.3(within)-344.7(60)-340.5(seconds,)-349(the)-338.9(time)-342.9(was)-343.9(recorded)-344.4(by)-337.6(the)]TJ
T*
[(computer)-269(until)-271.5(the)-269.3(child)-272(interacted)-269.4(again.)-266.2(This)-270.5(resulting)-271.5(time)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(interval)-321.6(is)-327.3(considered)-326.6(the)-326.2(amount)-321.2(of)-325.7(time)-323.9(that)-326.3(the)-319.9(child)-328.9(was)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(not)-303.8(using)-298.5(the)-300.9(training.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -2.4406 TD
[(Exit)-408.9(questionnaire.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.32 0 TD
[(At)-381.2(the)-376.8(end)-379.3(of)-382.6(the)-376.8(third)-377.8(training)-379.3(ses-)]TJ
-10.4328 -1.2266 TD
[(sion,)-330.1(an)-331.7(exit)-328.5(questionnaire)-334(was)-331.2(administered)-332(to)-332(the)-326.2(children)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(consisting)-428.1(of)-420.6(four)-422.6(questions)-429.5(concerning)-424.7(the)-427.4(computer)-420.7(task:)]TJ
T*
[(\(a\))-417.8(How)-415.4(did)-414.2(you)-413.2(like)-416(the)-421.1(computer)-414.4(task?)-416(\(very)-417.2(nice/nice/)]TJ
0 -1.2267 TD
[(neutral/boring/very)-343.3(boring\);)-345.1(\(b\))-340.5(What)-343.8(did)-338.3(you)-343.7(think)-344(of)-338.4(the)]TJ
ET
59.754 323.093 239.131 .22675 re
f
59.754 96.038 239.131 .22681 re
f
59.754 304.101 239.131 .22678 re
f
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.1354 348.6613 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
3.0603 0 TD
(1.)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.2519 0 TD
[(Demographics)-333.5(and)-338(Baseline)-334.3(Characteristics)]TJ
-2.8706 -1.1128 TD
[(of)-336.4(Participants)-335.6(in)-335.1(the)-332(Computerized)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
18.3301 0 TD
(WM)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
2.2699 0 TD
(Game)Tj
-16.8316 -1.1065 TD
[(Training)-336.3(and)-338(Control)-335.3(Training)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
-5.4756 -2.0486 TD
[(Variables)-9438.3(Game)-339.3(\()]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
16.155 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
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()Tj
/F8 1 Tf
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[(27\))-789.9(Control)-332.7(\()]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
5.8424 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
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()Tj
/F8 1 Tf
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(24\))Tj
/F4 1 Tf
-25.3486 -2.0929 TD
[(Mean)-336.7(age)-332.6(\(years\))-6506.7(9.59)-330.2(\(1.12\))-2664.3(9.33)-330.2(\(1.05\))]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(No.)-334.5(male)-335.6(\(%\))-9006.4(21)-327.8(\(78%\))-3327.4(21)-334.1(\(88%\))]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(DBDRS)-337.3(\(parent)-340.9(version\))]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[()-170.2(Attention)-338.3(decit)-5744.1(15.30)-329.8(\(5.23\))-2164.8(15.08)-329.8(\(4.68\))]TJ
T*
[()-170.2(Hyperactivity/impulsivity)-1250.4(14.67)-329.8(\(5.45\))-2164.8(15.04)-329.8(\(4.96\))]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[()-170.2(ODD)-11146.8(7.74)-330.2(\(4.75\))-2664.3(8.38)-330.2(\(4.99\))]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[()-170.2(C)0(D)-11989.8(1.85)-330.2(\(3.42\))-2664.3(1.88)-330.2(\(2.27\))]TJ
T*
[(DBDRS)-337.3(\(teacher)-338.7(version\))]TJ
T*
[()-170.2(Attention)-338.3(decit)-5744.1(12.24)-329.8(\(7.24\))-2164.8(11.96)-329.8(\(5.97\))]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[()-170.2(Hyperactivity/impulsivity)-1250.4(11.38)-329.8(\(7.96\))-2164.8(11.21)-329.8(\(5.60\))]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[()-170.2(ODD)-11146.8(7.69)-330.2(\(4.84\))-2664.3(8.38)-330.2(\(4.99\))]TJ
T*
[()-170.2(C)0(D)-11989.8(1.31)-330.2(\(3.28\))-2664.3(1.42)-330.2(\(1.64\))]TJ
T*
[(WISC)-334.9(III)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[()-170.2(Substitution)-8152.8(9.00)-330.2(\(3.20\))-2664.3(9.00)-330.2(\(2.50\))]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[()-170.2(Block)-335.5(design)-7324.8(10.74)-329.8(\(3.79\))-2664.3(9.83)-330.2(\(2.96\))]TJ
T*
[()-170.2(Vocabulary)-7909.3(11.85)-329.8(\(3.39\))-2164.8(10.83)-329.8(\(2.93\))]TJ
T*
[(Dyslexia)-11612(2)-328.3(\(7%\))-4327(2)-334.6(\(8%\))]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(Computer-game)-341.3(experience)-2697.2(27)-327.8(\(yes\))-3724.4(24)-334.1(\(yes\))]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(Hours)-341.2(per)-330.7(week)-6942.1(9.73)-330.2(\(4.91\))-2664.3(7.58)-330.2(\(5.02\))]TJ
T*
[(Memory)-339.3(span)-334.4(\(CBTT\))-4461.4(4.96)-330.2(\(0.76\))-2664.3(4.96)-330.2(\(0.75\))]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.9702 0 0 7.9702 67.748 84.189 Tm
(Note:)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
2.5821 0 TD
[(DBDRS,)-410.5(Disruptive)-414.9(Behavior)-418.9(Disorder)-410.8(Rating)-414.6(Scale;)-417.7(ODD,)]TJ
-3.585 -1.1239 TD
[(Oppositional)-536.3(Deant)-541.1(Disorder;)-537.8(CD,)-541.1(Conduct)-540.7(Disorder;)-537.8(WISC-III,)]TJ
T*
[(Wechsler)-397.4(Intelligen)11.5(t)-403.5(Scale)-397.4(for)-395.1(Children,)-388.8(3d)-396.9(Ed;)-398.5(CBTT,)-395.4(Corsi)-393.3(Block-)]TJ
T*
[(Tapping)-331.1(Task.)-324.1(Standard)-324.9(deviations)-325.5(are)-332.8(given)-324.9(within)-332.8(parenthe)10.4(ses.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 749.7069 Tm
[(ADHD,)-337.3(WORKING)-335.7(MEMORY,)-337.3(AND)-337.2(GAMING)-333(IN)-335.1(CHILDREN)-25704.8(117)]TJ
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